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問題 #63
Which two tools are used to deploy a Kubernetes environment for testing and development purposes? (Choose two.)
答案:A,C
解題說明:
Kubernetes is a popular container orchestration platform used for deploying and managing containerized applications. Several tools are available for setting up Kubernetes environments for testing and development purposes. Let's analyze each option:
A . OpenStack
Incorrect: OpenStack is an open-source cloud computing platform used for managing infrastructure resources (e.g., compute, storage, networking). It is not specifically designed for deploying Kubernetes environments.
B . kind
Correct: kind (Kubernetes IN Docker) is a tool for running local Kubernetes clusters using Docker containers as nodes. It is lightweight and ideal for testing and development purposes.
C . oc
Incorrect: oc is the command-line interface (CLI) for OpenShift, a Kubernetes-based container platform. While OpenShift can be used to deploy Kubernetes environments, oc itself is not a tool for setting up standalone Kubernetes clusters.
D . minikube
Correct: minikube is a tool for running a single-node Kubernetes cluster locally on your machine. It is widely used for testing and development due to its simplicity and ease of setup.
Why These Tools?
kind: Ideal for simulating multi-node Kubernetes clusters in a lightweight environment.
minikube: Perfect for beginners and developers who need a simple, single-node Kubernetes cluster for experimentation.
JNCIA Cloud Reference:
The JNCIA-Cloud certification covers Kubernetes as part of its container orchestration curriculum. Tools like kind and minikube are essential for learning and experimenting with Kubernetes in local environments.
For example, Juniper Contrail integrates with Kubernetes to provide advanced networking and security features for containerized workloads. Proficiency with Kubernetes tools ensures effective operation and troubleshooting.
Reference:
Kubernetes Documentation: kind and minikube
Juniper JNCIA-Cloud Study Guide: Kubernetes
問題 #64
Which command would you use to see which VMs are running on your KVM device?
答案:D
解題說明:
KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is a popular open-source virtualization technology that allows you to run virtual machines (VMs) on Linux systems. The virsh command-line tool is used to manage KVM VMs. Let's analyze each option:
A . virt-install
Incorrect: The virt-install command is used to create and provision new virtual machines. It is not used to list running VMs.
B . virsh net-list
Incorrect: The virsh net-list command lists virtual networks configured in the KVM environment. It does not display information about running VMs.
C . virsh list
Correct: The virsh list command displays the status of virtual machines managed by the KVM hypervisor. By default, it shows only running VMs. You can use the --all flag to include stopped VMs in the output.
D . VBoxManage list runningvms
Incorrect: The VBoxManage command is used with Oracle VirtualBox, not KVM. It is unrelated to KVM virtualization.
Why virsh list?
Purpose-Built for KVM: virsh is the standard tool for managing KVM virtual machines, and virsh list is specifically designed to show the status of running VMs.
Simplicity: The command is straightforward and provides the required information without additional complexity.
JNCIA Cloud Reference:
The JNCIA-Cloud certification emphasizes understanding virtualization technologies, including KVM. Managing virtual machines using tools like virsh is a fundamental skill for operating virtualized environments.
For example, Juniper Contrail supports integration with KVM hypervisors, enabling the deployment and management of virtualized network functions (VNFs). Proficiency with KVM tools ensures efficient management of virtualized infrastructure.
Reference:
KVM Documentation: virsh Command
Juniper JNCIA-Cloud Study Guide: Virtualization
問題 #65
The openstack user list command uses which OpenStack service?
答案:C
解題說明:
OpenStack provides various services to manage cloud infrastructure resources, including user management. Let's analyze each option:
A . Cinder
Incorrect: Cinder is the OpenStack block storage service that provides persistent storage volumes for virtual machines. It is unrelated to managing users.
B . Keystone
Correct: Keystone is the OpenStack identity service responsible for authentication, authorization, and user management. The openstack user list command interacts with Keystone to retrieve a list of users in the OpenStack environment.
C . Nova
Incorrect: Nova is the OpenStack compute service that manages virtual machine instances. It does not handle user management.
D . Neutron
Incorrect: Neutron is the OpenStack networking service that manages virtual networks, routers, and IP addresses. It is unrelated to user management.
Why Keystone?
Identity Management: Keystone serves as the central identity provider for OpenStack, managing users, roles, and projects.
API Integration: Commands like openstack user list rely on Keystone's APIs to query and display user information.
JNCIA Cloud Reference:
The JNCIA-Cloud certification covers OpenStack services, including Keystone, as part of its cloud infrastructure curriculum. Understanding Keystone's role in user management is essential for operating OpenStack environments.
For example, Juniper Contrail integrates with OpenStack Keystone to enforce authentication and authorization for network resources.
Reference:
OpenStack Keystone Documentation
Juniper JNCIA-Cloud Study Guide: OpenStack Services
問題 #66
Which two statements are correct about Kubernetes resources? (Choose two.)
答案:A,C
解題說明:
Incorrect:
A NodePort service exposes the service on a static port on each node in the cluster, allowing external access via the node's IP address and the assigned port. However, it does not use a cloud provider load balancer. The LoadBalancer service type is the one that leverages cloud provider load balancers for external access.
Why These Statements?
ClusterIP: Ensures internal-only communication, making it suitable for backend services that do not need external exposure.
DaemonSet: Guarantees that a specific pod runs on all nodes, ensuring consistent functionality across the cluster.
JNCIA Cloud Reference:
The JNCIA-Cloud certification covers Kubernetes resources and their functionalities, including services, DaemonSets, and Deployments. Understanding these concepts is essential for managing Kubernetes clusters effectively.
For example, Juniper Contrail integrates with Kubernetes to provide advanced networking features for services and DaemonSets, ensuring seamless operation of distributed applications.
Explanation:
Kubernetes resources are the building blocks of Kubernetes clusters, enabling the deployment and management of applications. Let's analyze each statement:
A . A ClusterIP type service can only be accessed within a Kubernetes cluster.
Correct:
A ClusterIP service is the default type of Kubernetes service. It exposes the service internally within the cluster, assigning it a virtual IP address that is accessible only to other pods or services within the same cluster. External access is not possible with this service type.
B . A daemonSet ensures that a replica of a pod is running on all nodes.
Correct:
A daemonSet ensures that a copy of a specific pod is running on every node in the cluster (or a subset of nodes if specified). This is commonly used for system-level tasks like logging agents or monitoring tools that need to run on all nodes.
C . A deploymentConfig is a Kubernetes resource.
Incorrect:
deploymentConfig is a concept specific to OpenShift, not standard Kubernetes. In Kubernetes, the equivalent resource is called a Deployment , which manages the desired state of pods and ReplicaSets.
Reference:
Kubernetes Documentation: Services, DaemonSets, and Deployments
Juniper JNCIA-Cloud Study Guide: Kubernetes Resources
問題 #67
Which two statements are true about the CN2 controller? (Choose two.)
答案:A,B
解題說明:
A CN2 controller communicates with CN2 vRouters using XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol) and with other CN2 controllers using BGP (Border Gateway Protocol). XMPP is used for control plane communication, while BGP is used for routing updates between controllers.
問題 #68
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